實驗室設(shè)置的4個區(qū)域主要設(shè)備配置
隨著醫(yī)療新技術(shù)和新的手術(shù)工具的不斷涌現(xiàn)，帶動了手術(shù)量的迅猛上升，而且手術(shù)室是醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)與工程技術(shù)結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，下面來講講
手術(shù)室建設(shè)要求以及
手術(shù)室感染控制原則是怎樣的？
With the continuous emergence of new medical technologies and new surgical tools, the number of operations has increased rapidly. Moreover, the operating room is the product of the combination of medical technology and engineering technology. What are the requirements of the operating room and the principles of infection control in the operating room?
手術(shù)室的要求
Operating room requirements
手術(shù)室是醫(yī)院中無菌潔凈要求很嚴(yán)格的地方之一，手術(shù)室的建設(shè)、布局、工作流程和治理都是圍繞無菌要求設(shè)計的。
The operating room is one of the places in the hospital with strict aseptic and clean requirements. The construction, layout, work flow and management of the operating room are designed around the aseptic requirements.
手術(shù)室又是醫(yī)療設(shè)備密集的科室，
除手術(shù)床、無影燈外，麻醉機、監(jiān)護、電刀以及自體血回收機、
手術(shù)顯微鏡、影像系統(tǒng)等已成為手術(shù)常用設(shè)備。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，新的手術(shù)工具不斷涌現(xiàn)，如各類軟硬內(nèi)窺鏡下手術(shù)、導(dǎo)航設(shè)備、立體定位系統(tǒng)、手術(shù)機器人等微創(chuàng)手術(shù)輔助設(shè)備等，如此眾多的設(shè)備擁擠在手術(shù)室內(nèi)，對設(shè)備布局、安裝、配電及用電安全提出了更高的要求。
The operating room is also a department with dense medical equipment. In addition to the operating table and shadowless lamp, anesthesia machine, monitoring, electric knife, autologous blood recovery machine, operating microscope and imaging system have become common equipment for surgery. With the development of technology, new surgical tools are constantly emerging, such as various soft and hard endoscopic surgery, navigation equipment, stereo positioning system, surgical robot and other minimally invasive surgical auxiliary equipment. So many equipment are crowded in the operating room, which puts forward higher requirements for equipment layout, installation, power distribution and power safety.
另外，現(xiàn)在各家醫(yī)院分散建設(shè)的導(dǎo)管室、膀胱鏡室等，有些也是參照手術(shù)室要求建立起來的準(zhǔn)手術(shù)室。尤其是開展參與治療的導(dǎo)管室，基本上是嚴(yán)格按照手術(shù)室的規(guī)范治理和使用，這些科室廣義上說也是擴展的手術(shù)室。這些準(zhǔn)手術(shù)室在老醫(yī)院都是見縫插針式地建設(shè)，新建醫(yī)院應(yīng)該綜合考慮這些科室與常規(guī)手術(shù)室間的布局安排。
In addition, some of the catheter rooms and cystoscopy rooms scattered in various hospitals are also quasi operating rooms established according to the requirements of operating rooms. In particular, the catheter rooms involved in the treatment are basically managed and used in strict accordance with the specifications of the operating room. In a broad sense, these departments are also expanded operating rooms. These quasi operating rooms are built in the old hospital in a timely manner. The new hospital should comprehensively consider the layout between these departments and the conventional operating rooms.
Principles of infection control in operating room
防止和降低手術(shù)感染是手術(shù)室建設(shè)很基本的要求，感染控制的方法有：
Preventing and reducing surgical infection is a very basic requirement for the construction of the operating room. The methods of infection control include:
(1)通過術(shù)前備皮和術(shù)中對非手術(shù)區(qū)域的無菌覆蓋，減少患者自身感染；(2)對手術(shù)用具和物品的嚴(yán)格消毒或隔離，減少外源接觸感染；(3)降低空氣中的灰塵和微生物粒子，減少懸浮污染物的擴散感染；(4)使用抗生素。這是一種補救措施，其靠藥物往控制已發(fā)生的感染。
(1) Through preoperative skin preparation and aseptic coverage of non-surgical areas during the operation, the patient's self infection can be reduced; (2) Strictly disinfect or isolate surgical instruments and articles to reduce external contact infection; (3) Reduce the dust and microbial particles in the air and reduce the diffusion and infection of suspended pollutants; (4) Use antibiotics. This is a remedial measure that relies on drugs to control the infection that has occurred.
我國目前普遍存在的題目是，只注重預(yù)防感染結(jié)果，而忽略了對感染的全過程控制。臨床表現(xiàn)是依靠大量抗生素來減少術(shù)后感染率，而對手術(shù)無菌過程缺乏嚴(yán)格控制。
At present, the common problem in our country is that we only pay attention to the prevention of infection results and neglect the whole process control of infection. The clinical manifestation is to rely on a large number of antibiotics to reduce the postoperative infection rate, while the aseptic process of the operation lacks strict control.
為減少抗生素的濫用，必須進步手術(shù)室潔凈水平，嚴(yán)格無菌操縱和治理，加強對整個手術(shù)過程的控制，切斷所有可能的污染途徑(包括空氣)，阻止細菌接觸手術(shù)創(chuàng)口進進人體。
In order to reduce the abuse of antibiotics, it is necessary to improve the cleanliness level of the operating room, strictly control the aseptic operation and treatment, strengthen the control of the whole operation process, cut off all possible pollution channels (including air), and prevent bacteria from contacting the surgical wound and entering the human body.
大顆粒
氣溶膠發(fā)生器(氯化鉀發(fā)生器)
型號：DLY-8108
產(chǎn)生直徑高達10μm的高濃度氣溶膠顆粒
DLY-8108型大顆粒氣溶膠發(fā)生器（氯化鉀發(fā)生器）能夠產(chǎn)生直徑為0.1至10微米的高濃度鹽氣溶膠，滿足已制定的ISO/TS 11155-1和ASHRAE 52.2測試規(guī)范以及建議的ISO 16890第2部分規(guī)范的要求。
使用氯化鉀（KCl）生產(chǎn)試驗氣溶膠。DLY-8108型產(chǎn)生、干燥和靜電中和氣溶膠，以確保在日積月累使用條件下、可重復(fù)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。
應(yīng)用范圍
+ 氣溶膠生成
+ 過濾器測試
+ 產(chǎn)生適用于汽車座艙和通風(fēng)空氣過濾器測試、真空吸塵器性能測試和其他工業(yè)空氣過濾研究的氣溶膠
功能及優(yōu)點
+ 產(chǎn)生直徑0.1μm到10μm的高濃度氣溶膠顆粒
+ 產(chǎn)生氯化鉀（KCl）或其他氣溶膠
+ 符合已制定的ISO/TS 11155-1和ASHRAE 52.2測試規(guī)范的要求，以及建議的ISO 16890第2部分規(guī)范。
說明書
大顆粒氣溶膠發(fā)生器（氯化鉀發(fā)生器）
DLY-8108型
工作方式
通過噴嘴進行恒定液體供給
粒子粒徑大小
直徑0.1μm~to 10 μm
粒子濃度
1μm時約600粒/cm3，10μm時約10粒/cm3（等動力采樣用含30%濃度氯化鉀KCl）
粒子類型
氯化鉀 (KCl), 其它材料
液體供給速率
1.2 ml/min
操作要求
電 源：220V/AC
壓縮空氣：344kPa,141std.L/min(50psi,5scfm)
發(fā)生器機柱尺寸
高 142cm
外徑 30.5cm
底座 45 ×45cm
重量 25.5kg
控制柜尺寸
LxWxH 43×56×32cm
（未包含液體儲存裝置和支架）
重量 22kg
操作使用
大顆粒氣溶膠發(fā)生器（氯化鉀發(fā)生器）DLY-8108型，由兩部分組成：發(fā)生器機柱和控制箱。發(fā)生器柱包括噴嘴、干燥塔和電子空氣電離器（非放射性氣溶膠電荷中和器）?？刂葡浒粋€空氣壓力調(diào)節(jié)器，空氣過濾器、蠕動液體泵、加熱器、流量計和電離器電源。
DLY-8108型設(shè)計能夠長期穩(wěn)定可靠運行。
開啟后，氣溶膠發(fā)生器從干燥塔頂部噴射氣溶膠。噴嘴易于維護，可從干燥塔頂部拆下進行清潔（一般情況下不需要拆卸維護）。干燥塔內(nèi)的干燥筒體積能夠允許足夠的停留時間來干燥氣溶膠。從氣缸底部噴射的加熱和電離稀釋空氣有助于此過程。稀釋空氣將液滴充分混合并干燥，形成固體鹽顆粒，從發(fā)生器機柱底部的氣缸中排出。因為在流動管路中垂直沒有彎曲，氣溶膠可以以最小的粒子損耗被引導(dǎo)到測試管道中
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